Tutorial onKnowledge Markup andResource Semantics

Overview and Tutorial Mindmap

Web Languages forKnowledge Capturing

Web Languages forMachine Interpretation

The Semantic Web Activityof the W3C

The Semantic Web Layered Architecture

The Semantic Web Layered Architecture: Where are the Semantic Web Semantics?

Partial Orders

Financial Math Excerpt from Mathematics International Ontology as RDF Schema

Metadata (Resource) Semantics

Knowledge Markup & Resource Semantics: XML Documents with RDF Annotations

Extensible Markup Language

General Advantages of XML for KR

Specific Advantages of XML for KR

Address Example: External to HTML

Address Example: HTML to XML

Address Example: XML to External

Address Example: XML to XML

Address Example: Some Stylesheets Will Contain Term-(Tree-)Rewriting Rules

Address Example: XML Queries

Address Example: Prolog Queries

Address Example: The Element Tree

Address Example:Document Type Definition and Tree (1)

Address Example:Document Type Definition and Tree (2)

Well-Formedness and Validity

Mail-Box Example: Address Variant

"|"-Disjoined Street/Mail-Box Example:Document Type Definition and Tree

Phone & Fax Example: Address Variant

"+"/"*"-Repetitive-Phone & -Fax Example:Document Type Definition and Tree

Country Example: Address Variant

"?"-Optional-Country Example:Document Type Definition and Tree

Country Address: A Complete XML Document Referring to an External DTD

Horn Logic Markup Languages

Herbrand Terms: Individual Constants,Variables, Flat Ground Structures, ...

Herbrand Terms: ...,Nested Ground Structures

Interim Discussion: Tag and Type

Horn Clauses: Relation Symbol Applications

Horn Clauses: Facts

Horn Clauses: Rules

Attributes for Extended Logics

ID and IDREF

DTDs: Elements as Derivation Trees

DTDs: Defining Horn Logic in XML

DTDs:Generation of the Example Rule (1)

DTDs:Generation of the Example Rule (2)

Attribute DTDs (1)

Attribute DTDs (2)

Horn Queries in XML Notation

Horn Queries in XML-QL Implementation

Horn Inferences in XML Notation (1)

Horn Inferences in XML Notation (2)

Horn Inferences: SLD-Resolution,XML-QL Implementation, Open World

Model-Theoretic Semantics

Collocation Inference: Model-Theoretic Semantics via Consequence Generation

The Rule Markup Language

Agenda

Introduction and Background

The RuleML Initiative as a Web Ontology Effort

Modular Syntax & Semantics of RuleML

Modular Syntax & Semantics of RuleML (Cont’d)

RuleML DTDs: release 0.8

Negation Handling in RuleML

Negation Handling in RuleML (Cont’d)

Priorities/Evidences in RuleML

Priorities/Evidences in RuleML (Cont’d)

RuleML Implementations via XSLT &Rule Engines

A Semantic Web Scenario in Insurance

PPT-Folie

A Semantic Web Scenario in Insurance (Cont’d)

RuleML Conclusions

Simple HTML/XML Ontology Extensions

SHOE Basics

Instances (Individuals) as URLs/URIs

A SHOE Rule

XML Namespaces

XML Namespaces and Programming-Language Modules

Namespace Bindings

Namespaceless Example:Address Variant

Two-Namespace Example: Snail-Mail and Telecoms Address Parts

Acquiring and Processing Knowledge Markups

Acquiring XML Knowledge Bases

Protégé-2000 as an XML Editor

Knowledge-Base Development with Protégé-2000

Protégé as an OKBC-Compliant System (Open Knowledge Base Connectivity)

XML Import Strategy

Example (Import):Book Order

XML Export Strategy

Example (Export):Newspaper Instances

Example: Newspaper Ontology As XML Tree

Processing XML

Cascading Style Sheets

XSLT (XSL Transformations)

XML to HTML: XSLT Example – Input

XML to HTML: XSLT Example – Stylesheet

XML to HTML: XSLT Example – Output

Transformational (Operational) Semantics

XML to XML: Transformational Semantics via an XSLT Stylesheet

XML to XML: XSLT Stylesheet with a Tree-Transforming Template 1

XML to XML: XSLT Stylesheet with a Tree-Transforming Template 2

XML-Based Agent Techniques

XML-based Agent Techniques

Ontobroker Application

Ontobroker/On2broker (AIFB/University of Karlsruhe)

Example Ontology

Annotated HTML Pages

Ontobroker Query Tool

Resource Description Framework

PPT-Folie

Outline

Why The Shift Towards More Semantics?

Extensible Markup Language (XML) Revisited

Why XML is Not Enough

Encoding of Knowledge: Example

Point to Point Communicationfor Machine-Understandable Data

Many Previously Unknown Communication Partners

New Partners Don’t Understand Each Other

Merging Steps Between Models

Merging/Aligning Models

Postulates: Fundamental Requirements for KR on the Web

Collection Containers

Example: Bag

Example: Alternative

Statements About Statements (Requirement 2: Dispute Statements)

Example: Reification

A Formal Model of RDF

Formal Model of RDF II

RDF Syntax I

Resulting Graph

RDF Syntax II: Syntactic Varieties

RDF Schema (RDFS)

Most Important Modeling Primitives

RDF-Schema: Example

Example: RDF-Schema in RDF-Schema

Extensibility of RDF

Protégé-2000 as RDF[S]-Editor

Ontology Languages on Top of RDF:The Principle

The Semantic Web

DARPA Agent Markup Language Program

DAML+OIL

Example: Intersection & Synonyms

Example: Disjoint & Complement

Example: Properties (Transitive, Inverse, subProperty, UniqueProperty, range, Datatypes)

Using User-defined Datatypes(based on XML Schema)

Instances (Individuals)

Protégé as OIL-Editor

Protégé as OIL-Editor: Screenshot

DARPA Agent Markup Language (DAML): An Information Foodchain Based on RDF

Tools

What’s wrong with existing approaches?

Graph Separated in Models

New System: Triple

Object Expressions + Models

Reification

Example: RDF-Schema

Mapping to Horn Logic

RDF-Syntax for Triple

Implementation

Summary

TopicMaps

Topic Navigation Maps in a Nutshell I

Topic Navigation Maps in a Nutshell II

Example of a Browsing Interface

Demonstration: The Comedy of Errors

The Comedy of Errors: Select Topic

Browse to External Reference

Browse to Other Persons

PPT-Folie

Acknowledgements

Some Forthcoming KMRS Events

References